Good Country Index
COL151K
Latest comparable value · 2025
(market cap × public companies) ÷ populationGood Country dashboardLegislative monitor · 2025–2026
Colombia · public economy
Colombia — what Congress is actually doing
Editorial methodologyEvery 0–100 score on this page is editorial judgment by an AI model, not measured data. Laws and parties judged and curated by Claude Opus 5, 6 August 2026; the declined bills by Claude Fable 5, 7 August 2026 (both Anthropic). Nothing here was reviewed or endorsed by the people and parties named.
Party record · 01
Where each bench stands
Seats in CongressSenate + Chamber combined · CITREP peace seats are non-party
2026–2030 Congress
Seated 20 July 2026 · Senate 103 + Chamber 183 seats — Comunes' guaranteed peace-accord seats expired
- Bills filed
- 100+
- Became law
- 0
- Didn't pass
- 0
- Pacto Histórico incl. both Opposition Statute runner-up seats68 · 24%
- Centro Democrático47 · 16%
- Partido Liberal37 · 13%
- Partido Conservador30 · 10%
- Others Ahora Colombia 5, Salvación Nacional 5, Demócrata 3, ten small parties & special seats 1629 · 10%
- Partido de la U21 · 7%
- Alianza Verde Senate seats via the Alianza por Colombia coalition list19 · 7%
- Cambio Radical–ALMA19 · 7%
- CITREP peace seats victims' organizations, non-party16 · 6%
Seat details
- Pacto Histórico: incl. both Opposition Statute runner-up seats
- Others: Ahora Colombia 5, Salvación Nacional 5, Demócrata 3, ten small parties & special seats 16
- Alianza Verde: Senate seats via the Alianza por Colombia coalition list
- CITREP peace seats: victims' organizations, non-party
2022–2026 Congress
Seated 20 July 2022 · Senate 108 + Chamber 188 seats, both chambers combined below
- Bills filed
- 3,011
- Became law
- 344
- Didn't pass
- 2,667
- Pacto Histórico48 · 16%
- Partido Liberal46 · 16%
- Partido Conservador40 · 14%
- Centro Democrático29 · 10%
- Others MIRA–CJL 5, Liga de Gobernantes 4, indigenous seats 3, Afro seats 2, nine small parties & departmental coalition lists 1529 · 10%
- Cambio Radical27 · 9%
- Alianza Verde–Centro Esperanza coalition list; internal split unpublished26 · 9%
- Partido de la U25 · 8%
- CITREP peace seats victims' organizations, non-party16 · 5%
- Comunes guaranteed by the 2016 peace accord10 · 3%
Seat details
- Others: MIRA–CJL 5, Liga de Gobernantes 4, indigenous seats 3, Afro seats 2, nine small parties & departmental coalition lists 15
- Alianza Verde–Centro Esperanza: coalition list; internal split unpublished
- CITREP peace seats: victims' organizations, non-party
- Comunes: guaranteed by the 2016 peace accord
Laws sanctioned per year · 2016–2026 (* 2026 to 7 Aug 2026)
Parties
Pacto Histórico
Editorial alignment
Its record here leans against a bigger public economy — counting for it: Agrarian jurisdiction regulation (63); counting against: Labor reform (25), Pension reform (re-vote) (28).
Centro Democrático
Editorial alignment
Its record here leans toward a bigger public economy — counting for it: Microcredit and seed capital access (78), Small-scale mining formalization (72).
Partido Liberal
Editorial alignment
Its record here cuts both ways — counting for it: Health reform (first attempt) (40), 2024 tax reform (ley de financiamiento) (30); counting against: Labor reform (25), Pension reform (re-vote) (28).
Partido Conservador
Editorial alignment
Its record here cuts both ways — counting for it: Health reform (first attempt) (40), 2024 tax reform (ley de financiamiento) (30); counting against: Pension reform (re-vote) (28).
Partido de la U
Editorial alignment
Its record here cuts both ways — counting for it: Health reform (first attempt) (40); counting against: Pension reform (re-vote) (28).
Alianza Verde
Editorial alignment
Its record here leans against a bigger public economy — counting against: Pension reform (re-vote) (28).
Cambio Radical
Editorial alignment
Its record here leans toward a bigger public economy — counting for it: 2024 tax reform (ley de financiamiento) (30).
ASI
Editorial alignment
Its record here leans toward a bigger public economy — counting for it: Health reform (first attempt) (40).
MIRA
Editorial alignment
Its record here leans toward a bigger public economy — counting for it: Health reform (first attempt) (40).
Colombia Justa Libres
Editorial alignment
Its record here leans toward a bigger public economy — counting for it: Health reform (first attempt) (40).
Comunes
Editorial alignment
Its record here leans against a bigger public economy — counting against: Pension reform (re-vote) (28).
The executiveFiles bills · holds no seat · casts no vote
De la Espriella government
Defensores de la Patria · inaugurated 7 August 2026
- Bills filed
- 0
- Became law
- 0
- Didn't pass
- 0
Nothing to score yet — a new administration can only file bills once in office, and its agenda reaches Congress in the weeks after inauguration.
Petro government
Editorial alignment
Pacto Histórico · 2022–2026
- Bills filed
- 120
- Became law
- 51
- Didn't pass
- 69
What it has filed here cuts both ways — counting for it: Education statutory law (58), Criminal-group submission law (Paz Total) (55); counting against: 2024 tax reform (ley de financiamiento) (30), Permanent fracking ban (35).
Legislative pipeline · 02
Bills in discussion7 · 2026–2030 Congress
The new Congress seated on 20 July 2026, so these are early-stage bills and none has been voted on yet.
Health reform
21 Jul 20262026-2030
Ninety articles creating a single public fund, a strengthened ADRES and new rules for the EPS insurers, moving management of financial risk to the state. Providers would invoice within 8 days and ADRES would pay at least 85% within 30 days; health spending would rise by about one percentage point of GDP between 2026 and 2032.
Editorial impact
Neutral or mixed
Paying providers 85% within 30 days would be a real working-capital gain for the thousands of small clinics and suppliers that are private businesses, but a point of GDP in extra spending with no named funding source pulls hard the other way.
Bill record & sources
Filed by Pacto Histórico bench and the outgoing government — 60 signatories (22 senators, 38 representatives).
Not verifiedPacto Histórico
Most of the 60 signatures are from this bench, but no vote has been held.
SourcesConsultorsalud — new health reform filed, 21 July 2026Infobae — what the new health reform contains
Microcredit and seed capital access
20 Jul 20262026-2030
Expands financing mechanisms for micro and small enterprises, on the argument that more than 90% of Colombia's business fabric is small firms held back by barriers to formality.
Editorial impact
Likely raises the index
The most direct company-count lever on the page: seed capital and microcredit are the first rung of the ladder that ends in a listing, and Colombia's shortage is at that rung rather than at the top.
Bill record & sources
No vote held yet — filed by Centro Democrático.
SourcesEl Colombiano — seven economic bills opening the new Congress
Small-scale mining formalization
20 Jul 20262026-2030
Creates a three-phase route for subsistence miners to become legal operations, with environmental compliance, mercury elimination, and mineral traceability through certificates of origin, including central-bank gold purchases from formalized operations.
Editorial impact
Likely raises the index
Converts informal operations into registered, bankable companies — it adds to the company count directly rather than raising the value of firms that already exist.
Bill record & sources
No vote held yet — filed by Centro Democrático.
SourcesEl Colombiano — seven economic bills opening the new Congress
Agrarian jurisdiction regulation
20 Jul 20262026-2030
Implements the specialised agrarian courts created by constitutional reform, to resolve disputes over rural property, access, formalization and tenure. Resubmitted after failing on the Senate floor previously.
Editorial impact
Likely raises the index
Secure title is what a rural business pledges to borrow against, so settling land disputes converts land into collateral and collateral into the capital that lets a farm become a firm.
Bill record & sources
No vote held yet — filed by Senator Iván Cepeda (Pacto Histórico).
SourcesEl Colombiano — seven economic bills opening the new Congress
Cap on cadastral property appraisals
20 Jul 20262026-2030
Would cap cadastral valuations at 50% of commercial value, in response to sharp property-tax increases following contested reassessments.
Editorial impact
Neutral or mixed
Caps a fixed cost that small property-holding businesses pay whether or not they turn a profit, while narrowing the municipal revenue that funds local infrastructure — genuinely two-sided.
Bill record & sources
No vote held yet — filed by Centro Democrático (former president Álvaro Uribe).
SourcesEl Colombiano — seven economic bills opening the new Congress
Permanent fracking ban
20 Jul 20262026-2030
Would permanently prohibit exploration and exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbon reserves by hydraulic fracturing, as part of the energy-transition agenda. Earlier attempts failed at early legislative stages.
Editorial impact
Likely lowers the index
Closes a growth avenue for the handful of large hydrocarbon firms that dominate Colombia's market capitalisation, though it barely touches the company count — it hits one half of the index, not both.
Bill record & sources
Filed by Government (Ministries of Mines and Energy, and Environment).
Not verifiedPacto Histórico
Backing the bill publicly; no vote has been held.
SourcesEl Colombiano — seven economic bills opening the new Congress
Tax reform
20 Jul 20262026-2030
Seeks roughly 23 trillion pesos to close the fiscal deficit, with the government stating the heaviest burden falls on higher-income individuals and companies, including assets held in tax havens. Filed with an urgency designation.
Editorial impact
Likely lowers the index
Taxes both the retained earnings that fund company growth and the investors who back new firms, hitting the formation pipeline as well as valuations — though closing the deficit would cut sovereign risk.
Bill record & sources
No vote held yet — filed by Government (Ministry of Finance).
SourcesEl Colombiano — seven economic bills opening the new Congress
Legislative record · 03
Laws passed7 · 2022–2026 Congress
2026 national budget
16 Oct 20252022-2026
Approves a 546.9-trillion-peso budget, the largest in Colombian history and about 7% above 2025. It counted 16.3 trillion pesos of revenue from a financing law that Congress went on to reject in December, leaving the gap unfunded.
Editorial impact
Likely lowers the index
Funding the largest budget on record with revenue Congress then refused to approve widens the deficit, and the borrowing costs that follow are felt first by the small firms with the weakest access to credit.
Voting record & sources
Senate plenary, 16 Oct 2025, after adopting the Chamber text (74–24)50 for · 24 against
Not verifiedAll benches
No per-party roll call was published (re-checked Aug 2026). Even the aggregate differs: the tally shown is the Senate's own release (50–24), chosen over the 50–27 the press reported — the discrepancy is disclosed rather than hidden. Reporting attributes the broad support to the alternative of the government issuing the budget by decree.
Not verifiedCentro Democrático
Infobae describes the bench's open resistance at the final vote — but at first debate the opposition had backed the reduced amount precisely to avoid a budget-by-decree, and neither vote's roll call is published.
Not verifiedAlianza Verde
Infobae reports resistance from "some sectors" of the bench; Senator Angélica Lozano publicly called the budget electoral-season pork ("mermelada"), but her individual vote is not on record.
Not verifiedPartido Liberal
Rapporteur John Jairo Roldán authored the winning Senate proposition, and the Pares analysis calls Liberal, Conservador and La U support decisive — an analysis, not a roll call.
Not verifiedPartido Conservador
Named by the Pares analysis as part of the decisive supporting bloc; no roll call published.
Not verifiedPartido de la U
Named by the Pares analysis as part of the decisive supporting bloc; no roll call published.
Not verifiedPacto Histórico
Governing-coalition rapporteur Aída Avella defended the 546.9-trillion amount on the floor; no roll call published.
SourcesForbes Colombia — Senate approves the 2026 budgetCámara de Representantes — 546.9 trillion pesos approvedSenado — budget approved (official release, 50–24)Infobae — final approval and bench resistance, 16 October 2025Pares — how the 2026 budget got the votes
Ley 2518 de 2025
National mental health policy
26 Aug 20252022-2026
Strengthens Ley 1616 of 2013 and the national mental health policy: updated clinical protocols, guaranteed access to services and medication, priority for vulnerable groups, and coordination across public, private, educational and community institutions.
Editorial impact
Likely raises the index
Mental illness takes working-age people out of the economy for years at a time, so treating it keeps founders, employees and customers active — population is what builds the companies in the numerator, not just the number underneath.
Voting record & sources
Not verifiedAll benches
No roll call published for this law.
SourcesMinSalud — full text of Ley 2518 de 2025 (PDF)SUIN-Juriscol — Ley 2518 de 2025
Ley 2381 de 2024
Pension reform (re-vote)
28 Jun 20252022-2026
Replaces the competing public/private system with four pillars, routing most contributions to the public fund Colpensiones. The Constitutional Court found a procedural defect and ordered the Chamber to repeat the debate, which it did on 28 June 2025; the law remained suspended at the close of 2025.
Editorial impact
Likely lowers the index
Draining the private pension funds removes both the largest domestic buyers of listed equity and the anchor investors an IPO needs, which narrows the exit that turns a private company into a public one — it hits both halves of the index at once.
Voting record & sources
Chamber of Representatives plenary, extra session, 28 June 2025104 for · 9 against
ForPacto Histórico
Infobae names the bench among those backing the text; María del Mar Pizarro presented the approved substitutive motion.
ForAlianza Verde
Named by Infobae among the benches backing the text.
ForPartido Liberal
Named by Infobae among the benches backing the text.
ForPartido Conservador
Named by Infobae among the benches backing the text — though Juan Carlos Wills (Conservador) moved to reopen article-by-article debate, rejected 100–11; a procedural motion, not a recorded no.
ForPartido de la U
Named by Infobae among the benches backing the text.
ForComunes
Named by Infobae among the benches backing the text.
Did not attendCentro Democrático
Boycotted the session, calling the convocation improvised and procedurally irregular (El Espectador); denounced new irregularities (Infobae).
Did not attendCambio Radical
Boycotted the session, saying no formal Constitutional Court notification had been received (El Espectador).
Not verifiedAll benches
The nominal roll call — who the 9 no votes were — lives in Acta 257's Gaceta text, which is not indexed online; outlets even differ on the aggregates (104–9 vs 104–10; 97–0 vs 97–1). Official Cámara figures shown. Re-checked Aug 2026.
SourcesCámara de Representantes — Chamber re-approves pension reform on Court orderInfobae — pension reform officially law, 29 June 2025El Espectador — Centro Democrático and Cambio Radical announce boycott
Ley 2466 de 2025
Labor reform
25 Jun 20252022-2026
Moves the night-shift premium back to 7:00 p.m., raises Sunday and holiday pay to 100% in stages through 2027, makes the open-ended contract the default form of hiring, and converts SENA apprenticeships into full employment contracts.
Editorial impact
Likely lowers the index
The added cost per employee lands hardest on the smallest and youngest firms — the pool every future public company is drawn from — and the SENA change specifically prices up a startup's first hires.
Voting record & sources
Senate plenary, fourth and final debate (17 June 2025)57 for · 31 against · 28 not voting
ForPacto Histórico
- Wilson Arias — for
- Isabel Zuleta — for
- Iván Cepeda — for
- María José Pizarro — for
- Clara López — for
- Martha Peralta — for
ForPartido Liberal
- John Jairo Roldán — for
Roldán co-authored the report that carried the bill.
AgainstCentro Democrático
- Paloma Valencia — against
- María Fernanda Cabal — against
- Paola Holguín — against
- Ciro Ramírez — against
Not verifiedPartido Conservador
- Efraín Cepeda — against
Senate president Cepeda voted against; the rest of the bench isn't in the published record.
Not verifiedCambio Radical
Senator Carlos Fernando Motoa carried the motion that struck Article 63, but the bench's final vote isn't published.
Not verifiedPartido de la U
Not verifiedAlianza Verde
SourcesSenado de la República — Senate approves labor reformInfobae — how the Senate voted, 18 June 2025Función Pública — full text of Ley 2466 de 2025
Acto Legislativo 01 de 2025
Constitutional right to adequate food
6 Feb 20252022-2026
Amends the Constitution to guarantee the right to adequate food, with an intercultural and territorial focus.
Editorial impact
Neutral or mixed
Childhood nutrition is the cheapest human capital a country can buy and it compounds for decades into the workforce that staffs and founds companies — though with no funding mechanism attached, the right is declared rather than delivered.
Voting record & sources
Not verifiedAll benches
Constitutional amendments require eight debates; per-party records weren't published for this one.
Ley 2475 de 2025
Right to be forgotten for cancer survivors
20252022-2026
Bars banks and insurers from using a past cancer diagnosis against people who have completed treatment, when pricing or refusing financial products.
Editorial impact
Likely raises the index
A survivor refused a loan cannot start or scale a business, so restoring credit access puts working-age people back into the founder pipeline — a small population, but exactly the channel the company-count half of the index depends on.
Voting record & sources
Not verifiedAll benches
No roll call published for this law.
Ley 2452 de 2025
Labor and social security procedural code
20252022-2026
Replaces the procedural code governing labour and social-security disputes, modernising how those cases move through the courts.
Editorial impact
Neutral or mixed
A predictable, faster dispute process lowers a fixed legal cost that a ten-person firm feels far more than a listed one, which slightly lowers the risk of taking on the first employees.
Voting record & sources
Not verifiedAll benches
No roll call published for this law.
Legislative record · 04
Bills declined or archived5 · 2022–2026 Congress
Notable bills that died — archived in committee, expired unscheduled, or withdrawn. Most failed bills in Colombia never get a floor vote, so several entries have no tally: that is the record, not a gap. Scores say how each would have moved the index had it passed.
PL 300/2024C · 245/2024S
2024 tax reform (ley de financiamiento)
11 Dec 20242022-2026
The finance ministry's package to raise about COP 12 trillion — later trimmed to ~9.8 — in new taxes, including on energy and fuels, to close the 2025 budget gap. The joint economic commissions archived it in first debate; the 2025 budget was then enacted by decree, underfunded.
Editorial impact
Likely lowers the index
Roughly COP 12 trillion in new business and energy taxes cuts directly against the market-value and company-pipeline levers — the manifesto's own thesis is that a bigger economy, not a bigger take, funds the state. The budget hole its death left was real, but so would have been the drag.
What happened & sources
Filed by Government (Petro) — Ministry of Finance.
AgainstCentro Democrático
Announced and voted as a bloc for archiving (Semana).
AgainstPartido Conservador
Announced and voted as a bloc for archiving (Semana).
AgainstCambio Radical
Named by Semana as one of the parties key to the archiving.
AgainstPartido Liberal
Named by Semana as one of the parties key to the archiving.
ForPacto Histórico
Government bench defended the package; no consolidated tally of the commissions' vote was published.
SourcesSenado — economic commissions archive the financing lawSemana — the four parties key to the sinkingCámara — no consensus reached on the financing law
PLE 224/2023C · 274/2024S
Education statutory law
20 Jun 20242022-2026
A statutory law making education an enforceable fundamental right, with progressive universalization from preschool to higher education. It cleared three of four debates, then died on 20 June 2024 when the Senate plenary never scheduled the final one before the legislature closed — a statutory law must finish within a single legislature.
Editorial impact
Likely raises the index
Education is the slowest but surest company-pipeline lever: universalizing it grows the founders, engineers and customers who build the numerator. Statutory financing obligations carry real fiscal weight, which holds the score to moderately positive.
What happened & sources
Filed by Government (Petro) — Ministry of Education.
Not verifiedAll benches
Sunk without a floor vote. The concerted text that had won opposition support in committee split into three competing ponencias after the government bench abandoned it, and the plenary never voted.
SourcesEl Tiempo — the education statutory law is officially sunkLa Silla Vacía — why the education statutory law sank
PL 339/2023C · 216/2024S
Health reform (first attempt)
3 Apr 20242022-2026
The government's structural health overhaul: phase out the EPS insurers as intermediaries in favor of state-run primary-care centres (CAPS) and direct public payment through ADRES. It passed the full Chamber in December 2023, then the Senate's Seventh Committee archived it citing missing fiscal backing.
Editorial impact
Likely lowers the index
Universal primary care protects the working population — the people lever — but dismantling the EPS layer without a proven replacement payment system risks years of transition disruption for every firm and worker that depends on a functioning health market; the committee archived it precisely over unfunded sustainability.
What happened & sources
Senate Seventh Committee — 9–5 vote to archive5 for · 9 against
Filed by Government (Petro) — Ministry of Health.
AgainstCentro Democrático
- Honorio Henríquez — against
- Alirio Barrera — against
Voted to archive in committee.
AgainstPartido Conservador
- Nadia Blel — against
- José Alfredo Marín — against
Voted to archive in committee.
AgainstPartido Liberal
- Miguel Ángel Pinto — against
Voted to archive in committee.
AgainstPartido de la U
- Norma Hurtado — against
Voted to archive in committee.
AgainstMIRA
- Ana Paola Agudelo — against
Voted to archive in committee.
AgainstColombia Justa Libres
- Lorena Ríos — against
Voted to archive in committee.
AgainstASI
- Berenice Bedoya — against
Voted to archive in committee.
ForPacto Histórico
Committee minority against archiving; Wilson Arias led the defense of the bill.
SourcesSenado — health reform archived in Seventh CommitteeInfobae — the 9–5 archive vote, 3 April 2024Vanguardia — named committee votes to archive
PL 288/2023S
Criminal-group submission law (Paz Total)
20 Jun 20232022-2026
The judicial pillar of the Paz Total policy: a framework for organized-crime structures (Clan del Golfo, urban gangs) to submit collectively to ordinary justice and dismantle, trading reduced sentences for asset surrender. Filed March 2023, it lapsed on 20 June 2023 without ever receiving its first committee debate.
Editorial impact
Neutral or mixed
Dismantling the armed structures that extort, tax and displace formal business would improve the ground conditions for the index — secure property is a precondition for founding and listing companies. Uncertain effectiveness and generous terms keep it only just above neutral.
What happened & sources
Filed by Government (Petro) — Ministry of Justice.
Not verifiedAll benches
Lapsed when the 2022–2023 legislature ended with no first debate — no vote was ever held, so no stance is on any record.
SourcesCongreso Visible — PL 288/2023S file (ley de sometimiento)El Tiempo — what happened to the submission law
Political reform (constitutional amendment)
23 Mar 20232022-2026
A constitutional overhaul of the electoral system — closed party lists and campaign-finance changes — that accumulated self-serving amendments ("micos", including extra state financing benefiting sitting legislators) as it advanced. The government withdrew it in March 2023, five debates in; its own champion publicly tore up the text.
Editorial impact
Neutral or mixed
Cleaner electoral rules could have lengthened political horizons — the manifesto's core complaint — but the text as withdrawn carried amendments that entrenched incumbents; in that form it promised little for the index in either direction.
What happened & sources
Filed by Government (Petro).
Not verifiedAll benches
Withdrawn by its own sponsors mid-passage; no archiving vote occurred, so no bench stance is on the record.
SourcesEl Tiempo — how the political reform sankSemana — Barreras asks the government to withdraw the reform